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Founded by the Greeks around 600 AEV, initially called Poseidonia, by Poseidon, or Neptune, god of the sea, which the city had been dedicated. Between 400 and 273 below it was occupied by the population of lucani italica.
In 273 it became a Roman colony with the name of Paestum. But there is no doubt that the foundation of the city was preceded by a commercial farm on the left bank and at the mouth of the river Silaros and that the conditions of the soil induced malarial then the primitive settlers to move the town towards the east, on a bench calcareous slightly raised on the plains and the coast, along the river course of another child (or river Salso Capofiume). From the primitive Silaros developed seaport and inland waterway transport in the city and with it rose the Temple of Hera Argiva, which soon became one of the largest and most revered shrines of old: about 50 stages separated by the city and the Heraion his emporium on the River.

The end of the Roman Empire roughly coincided with the end of the city. Around 500 eV, in fact, following an outbreak of malaria, compounded dall'insalubrità of the territory, the inhabitants gradually abandoned the city.
The rediscovery of Paestum dates back to 1762, when it was built the road that passes through the modern day.

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